Ensuring American Space Superiority
Record date: 2025-12-23
( printed page 60537) Executive Order 14369 of December 18, 2025 Ensuring American Space Superiority By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered: Section 1 . Purpose. Superiority in space is a measure of national vision and willpower, and the technologies Americans develop to achieve it contribute substantially to the Nation's strength, security, and prosperity. The United States must therefore pursue a space policy that will extend the reach of human discovery, secure the
What this record contains
- Federal Register document
- 2025-23845
- Publication date
- 2025-12-23
- Citation
- 90 FR 60537
- Issuing office
- Executive Office of the President
Official record excerpt
( printed page 60537) Executive Order 14369 of December 18, 2025 Ensuring American Space Superiority By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered: Section 1 . Purpose. Superiority in space is a measure of national vision and willpower, and the technologies Americans develop to achieve it contribute substantially to the Nation's strength, security, and prosperity. The United States must therefore pursue a space policy that will extend the reach of human discovery, secure the Nation's vital economic and security interests, unleash commercial development, and lay the foundation for a new space age. Sec. 2 . Policy. My Administration will focus its space policy on achieving the following priorities: (a) Leading the world in space exploration and expanding human reach and American presence in space by: (i) returning Americans to the Moon by 2028 through the Artemis Program, to assert American leadership in space, lay the foundations for lunar economic development, prepare for the journey to Mars, and inspire the next generation of American explorers; (ii) establishing initial elements of a permanent lunar outpost by 2030 to ensure a sustained American presence in space and enable the next steps in Mars exploration; and (iii) enhancing sustainability and cost-effectiveness of launch and exploration architectures, including enabling commercial launch services and prioritizing lunar exploration; (b) Securing and defending American vital national and economic security interests in, from, and to space by: (i) developing and demonstrating prototype next-generation missile defense technologies by 2028 to progressively and materially enhance America's air and missile defenses pursuant to Executive Order 14186 of January 27, 2025 (The Iron Dome for America); (ii) ensuring the ability to detect, characterize, and counter threats to United States space interests from very low-Earth orbit and through cislunar space, including any placement of nuclear weapons in space; (iii) creating a responsive and adaptive national security space architecture by accelerating acquisition reform, integrating commercial space capabilities, and enabling new market entrants; and (iv) strengthening ally and partner contributions to United States and collective space security, including through increased space security spending, operational cooperation, basing agreements, and ally and partner investments in America's space industrial base; (c) Growing a vibrant commercial space economy through the power of American free enterprise by: (i) fostering economic growth, attracting at least $50 billion of additional investment in American space markets by 2028, and increasing launch and reentry cadence through new and upgraded facilities, improved efficiency, and policy reforms; ( printed page 60538) (ii) demonstrating spectrum leadership across space applications to promote United States technology competitiveness, spectrum management efficiency, and global market access; and (iii) spurring private sector initiative and a commercial pathway to replace the International Space Station by 2030; and (d) Developing and deploying advanced capabilities and approaches to enable the next century of space achievements by: (i) optimizing space research-and-development investments to achieve my Administration's near-term space objectives, use emerging technologies and scientific discoveries to advance mission capabilities, and enable scientific discovery for America's long-term science and technology leadership; (ii) enabling near-term utilization of space nuclear power by deploying nuclear reactors on the Moon and in orbit, including a lunar surface reactor ready for launch by 2030; (iii) improving high-value space and Earth weather forecasting and operations to meet needs on Earth and beyond, utilizing improved business approaches such as firm fixed-price contracts and as-a-service models for both space and ground-based segments; (iv) enabling the sustainability of space operations through effective and responsible approaches to space traffic management; orbital debris mitigation and remediation; and terrestrial and cislunar positioning, navigation, and timing, including by establishing the United States as the standards and services leader in these areas; and (v) establishing ground, space, and lunar infrastructure and standards that enable implementation of space priorities and a robust space industrial base. Sec. 3 . Implementation. (a) The Assistant to the President for Science and Technology (APST) shall coordinate the overall implementation of this order, including: (i) within 60 days of the date of this order, issuing guidance on establishing a National Initiative for American Space Nuclear Power to achieve the nuclear power policy priorities directed in this order, in coordination with the heads
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